In soil, nitrogen (N), an essential macronutrient for plant growth, exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. This necessitates plants to grapple with a complex array of environmental conditions in ...

The plant root system is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that houses a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists, etc. These microorganisms together form the root ...

The field of plant science has long been intrigued by the adaptive responses of roots to environmental cues. Due to their ...