Process liquids and buffers are necessary tools for biotherapeutic manufacturing. In small-scale process development scales, these liquids are often overlooked as the focus is usually on the molecule, ...

Challenges like higher selectivity and precise etching are critical for angstrom-scale IC production. Advanced RF pulsing and plasma control enhance precision in sub-nanometer processes. New impedance ...

Before the advent of biologics, commercialization of a therapeutic relied on successfully scaling up to meet market demand. This scaling-up strategy expanded biomanufacturing capacity by upsizing the ...

The figure shows the evolution of the microstructure of the melt pool under the influence of the simulated transient temperature field. Nucleated grains are represented in pink-purple plots, while ...