Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Covariance: a measure of the direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Discrete ...

In this paper, we provide Poincaré-type upper and lower variance bounds for a function g(X) of a discrete integer-valued random variable (r.v.) X, in terms of the (forward) differences of g up to some ...

Discover how probability distribution methods can help predict stock market returns and improve investment decisions. Learn ...

We analyze the effect of discrete sampling on the valuation of options on the realized variance in the Heston stochastic volatility model. It has been known for some time that, although quadratic ...

Studies axioms, counting formulas, conditional probability, independence, random variables, continuous and discrete distribution, expectation, moment generating functions, law of large numbers, ...