White-label products are sold by retailers but made by third parties, allowing price undercutting. Retailers branding white-label products themselves foster customer loyalty by exclusivity.

Private label products are purchased by a retailer from a manufacturer and sold under the retailer’s own brand. Private label brands, also known as store brands, compete with national name brand ...

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Startups frequently encounter a daunting hurdle: expanding rapidly without escalating costs and time to market. White labeling, which involves teaming up with suppliers who provide pre-existing ...